Reference7 minFebruary 20, 2026
California Penal Code Quick Reference for Security Guards
Quick reference table of all California Penal Code sections relevant to security guards — arrest authority, assault, trespassing, theft, property damage, and more.
Arrest & Detention Authority
| Code | Title | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| PC 834 | Arrest defined | An arrest is taking a person into custody in a manner authorized by law |
| PC 836.1 | Private security arrest | Security guards can arrest for crimes committed in their presence on the property they protect |
| PC 837 | Citizen's arrest | Any private person may arrest another for: (1) a public offense committed in their presence, (2) when the person has committed a felony |
Assault & Battery
| Code | Title | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| PC 240 | Assault | An unlawful attempt to commit a violent injury on another person. Misdemeanor. |
| PC 242 | Battery | Any willful and unlawful use of force or violence upon another person. Misdemeanor. |
False Imprisonment & Kidnapping
| Code | Title | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| PC 236 | False imprisonment | Unlawful violation of personal liberty. Up to 1 year jail. Guards can be charged if detention is unlawful. |
| PC 207 | Kidnapping | Moving someone against their will by force or fear. Felony. Can apply if a guard forcibly moves a detained person. |
Theft & Property Crimes
| Code | Title | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| PC 459 | Burglary | Entry into a structure with intent to commit theft or felony. Guards often encounter this on commercial property. |
| PC 484 | Theft (general) | Taking property of another with intent to permanently deprive. Basis for petty theft and grand theft. |
| PC 487 | Grand theft | Theft of property valued over $950. Felony. |
| PC 490.5(f) | Merchant's privilege (detention) | Store employees/security can detain a person for investigation of theft for a reasonable time. Key for retail security. |
| PC 490.5(g) | No liability for reasonable detention | No merchant or employee is liable for false arrest if detention was reasonable. Protects retail security guards. |
Trespassing & Vandalism
| Code | Title | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| PC 594(a) | Vandalism | Malicious damage or destruction of property. Guards should document and report. |
| PC 602 | Trespassing | Entering or remaining on property without permission. Guards have authority to enforce on assigned property. |
Disorderly Conduct
| Code | Title | Summary |
|---|---|---|
| PC 647(f) | Public intoxication | Being intoxicated in public and unable to care for oneself or obstructing a sidewalk/roadway. Common security encounter. |
How to Use This Reference
Important Notes for Security Guards
Download the full Penal Code Quick Reference PDF →
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